Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease that primarily affects the cognitive functions of the brain. It is the most common form of dementia, accounting for around 70% of all dementia cases. 

The exact cause of Alzheimer’s disease is not fully understood, but it is believed to involve a complex interplay of genetic, environmental and lifestyle factors. The two main hallmarks of the disease are the build-up of a protein called amyloid beta which forms sticky plaques on the brain and the formation of neurofibrillary tangles made up of another protein called tau.

AD is usually diagnosed through a combination of medical history, cognitive assessments and various diagnostic tests, such as brain imaging and neuropsychological assessments. While there is no cure for the disease, various medications and non-pharmacological interventions can help manage symptoms and potentially slow its progression.

Research into AD is ongoing. Scientists are working to develop new treatments and strategies to combat the disease.